Introduction Bitumen, as one of the most important raw materials in road construction, building construction, and insulation, plays a vital role in the development of infrastructure in countries. This material, derived from the refining of crude oil, is widely used in various industries due to its adhesive properties, waterproofing capabilities, and resistance to weather conditions. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of bitumen over the past five years (2020–2024), analyzing topics such as price, production, consumption, innovative technologies, and challenges in the bitumen industry. 1. Bitumen Price Analysis (2020–2024) 1.1 - 2020: Impact of the COVID-19 ...
Introduction Oil, as one of the most vital energy resources, plays a decisive role in the global economy and trade. Since its discovery in the 19th century, this black and valuable substance has become the driving force behind the global economy. Oil prices not only affect energy industries but also influence production costs, transportation, inflation, and even political relations between countries. In today's world, oil, as a strategic commodity, is at the center of attention for policymakers, economists, and traders. Fluctuations in oil prices can lead to economic volatility, changes in trade patterns, and even financial crises. In recent decades, ...
